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   Home  »  DNA Methylation 
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DNA Methylation

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification where a methyl group is added to cytosine bases, typically at CpG sites, by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), influencing gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. This modification can be dynamically regulated, as ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) into hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) and further into formylcytosine (5-fC) and carboxylcytosine (5-caC), facilitating active DNA demethylation.

Chemical pathway illustrating cytosine methylation by DNMT and demethylation by TET enzymes, showing 5mC, 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC.

Chemical pathway illustrating cytosine methylation by DNMT and demethylation by TET enzymes, showing 5mC, 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC.

Global DNA Modification Quantification Assays

Bar chart comparing 5-mC levels

Quantify levels of 5-mC, 5-hmC, 5-fC, or 8-OHdG in total DNA

Enzymatic Assays

Representative data chart

Measure activity and inhibition of DNA methylases and demethylases

DNA Bisulfite Assays

Sanger sequencing chromatograms

Differentiate between methylated and unmethylated cytosines gene specifically or genome wide

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Assays

Schematic workflow diagram

Enrich for 5-mC or 5-hmC DNA sequences

DNA Methylation Tools

DNA Bisulfite Conversion

Global DNA Methylation Quantification
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression. It involves the addition of a methyl group to cytosine bases in the DNA molecule and can occur at specific sites in the genome known as CpG islands. Methylation can affect the way that genes are expressed by either activating or silencing them, depending on the specific context and locat...

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
Introduction Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) is a technique used to identify regions of the genome that are methylated, and involves the specific capture and enrichment of methylated DNA fragments. Methylation is an epigenetic modification that can affect gene expression and is involved in a variety of biological processes, including development, differentiation, and genomic imprinting. Method The DNA is fragmented An antibody that specifically recognizes methylated cytosine residues in DNA is used The DNA is incubated with the antibody The antibody binds to the methylated DNA, forming a DNA-antibody complex The DNA-antibody complex is isolated using a process called immunoprecipitation The isolated DNA is analyzed using techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or sequencing to identify the specific regions of the genome that are methylated Applications MeDIP is often used in conjunction with other techniques, such as microarray analysis or next-generation sequencing, to study the role of DNA methylation in various biological processes and to identify potential therapeutic targets for diseases related to abnormal DNA methylation patterns.   Methylamp Methylated DNA Capture (MeDIP) KitCat #P-1015EpiQuik Hydroxymethylated DNA Immunoprecipitation (hMeDIP) KitCat #P-1038EpiQuik MeDIP Ultra KitCat #P-1052EpiQuik Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation KitCat #P-2019EpiQuik Tissue Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation KitCat #P-2020   More Details More Details More Details More Details More Details Purpose Enrich and capture methylated DNA fragments Enrich and capture hydroxymethylated DNA fragments Enrich and capture methylated DNA fragments from low starting input Enrich and capture methylated DNA fragments directly from cell lysates Enrich and capture methylated DNA fragments directly from tissues Key Points Ideal for PCR and microarray Illumina workflow compatible Compatible with downstream workflows including hMeDIP-PCR and hMeDIP-chip Ideal for MeDIP-Seq Illumina workflow compatible Most sensitive and specific Eliminates DNA

DNA Methyltransferase & Demethylase Assays
DNA methyltransferases, or DNMTs, catalyze DNA methylation by adding methyl groups to the 5-carbon position of the cytosine ring, resulting in 5-methylcytosine. The various types of DNMTs are responsible for the maintenance and establishment of DNA methylation patterns. The ten-eleven translocation, or TET, family of 5-mC hydroxylase enzymes including TET1 are responsible for oxidizing 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Measuring DNMT and TET amounts, activity, and inhibition levels will allow us to better understand the relationships between cytosine, 5-methylcytosine, and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine as part of the DNA methylation and DNA demethylation cycle. This in turn can help us start to better understand and use these findings to find and fight epigenetic diseases.

Methylated DNA Amplification
Methylation-specific PCR (MSP or MS-PCR) and bisulfite sequencing are techniques used to study the methylation status of cytosine bases in DNA. DNA methylation is a chemical modification that involves the addition of a methyl group to the cytosine base of a cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that plays a role in the regulation of gene expression, and changes in DNA methylation pattern...

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