Immunology and inflammation antibodies are a broad set of antibodies ideal for investigating the complex immune system, including cell marker and receptor antibodies, cytokine antibodies, and other immunology antibodies.
Epigenetic mechanisms have been closely involved in inflammatory pathways and using antibodies that recognize specific antigens related to the immune system and inflammation offers researchers insight into the potential pathological epigenetic modifications and immunological and inflammatory complications linked to a multitude of diseases.
Immunology covers a wide range of processes including adaptive immunity, innate immunity, and the regulation of the immune system in the naïve state as well as active state when fighting disease, infection, and disorders that may be caused by agents such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, and parasites. Additionally, immunology and inflammation antibodies can be helpful in detecting biomarkers for disease, especially cancer.
Cell marker and receptor antibodies help investigate cell surface markers of immune cells, which also may act as cell surface receptors or ligands, playing a role in signaling, cell adhesion, and antigen presentation. For example, the beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) is a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and is involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system. In addition, C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) can act as a chemoattractant homing receptor on circulating memory lymphocytes as well as a coreceptor for select primary HIV-2 isolates, potentially mediating hippocampal-neuron survival.
Cytokine antibodies are central to communicating with and altering the actions of other immune cells. Secreted by most immune cells – including T-cells, B-cells, monoctyes, NK cells, macrophages, and T-helper cells (TH cells) – cytokines can be pro- or anti-inflammatory. Popular cytokines involved in inflammation include tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta). Other well-known anti-inflammatory cytokines involved in stifling inflammatory responses include interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 11 (IL-11), and interleukin 13 (IL-13).
Other immunology antibodies can aid in the identification of cancer biomarkers, such as tumor antigens produced by cancer cells, which incite a response by the immune system in order to target the invading cancer cells. Other immunology antibodies are targeted against antigens such as allergens, which may or may not provoke an immune response in different individuals.
What makes buying antibodies from EpiGentek different?
At EpiGentek, we supply a collection of over 20,000 individual high-quality antibodies for our customers to ensure that our research customers find exactly what they need for their studies. In addition, we offer a variety of other benefits to help our customers in terms of affordability, convenience, and reliability. See why working with EpiGentek for your antibodies is the right choice:
No Shipping & Handling Costs: we’ve waived all shipping and handling fees on our antibodies and antibody panel packs when selecting 2-day shipping (trial sizes not applicable).
100% Application Guarantee: your purchased antibodies are covered for 6-months past the date of purchase.
Multiple Conjugates: we carry biotin, FITC and HRP conjugates for nearly all targets.
Trial Sizes Available: 10 & 20 µl options available for thousands of antibodies in our catalog.
Immune cells possess cell surface markers designated as CD (cluster of differentiation) molecules. These cell surface proteins serve as cell surface markers for identification of the diverse immune cell types, but also have roles as cell surface receptors or ligands involved in antigen presentation, signaling and cell adhesion. There are more than three hundred cell surface markers identified in human immune cells, as well as other nonimmune cells, such as endothelial and epithelial cells, which often express these markers.
Cytokines are small proteins secreted by immune cells to communicate and alter the actions of other immune cells. They can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, thus promoting or inhibiting the proliferation and functions of other immune cells. Cytokines are often called by other names depending mostly on the cell that produces them or on their biological functions. Lymphokines are produced by lymphocytes, monokines are released by monocytes, and interleukins are produced in one leukocyte but act on other leukocytes. Chemokines have chemotactic roles, which include the activation and migration of leukocytes. Different immune cells can secrete the same cytokine, while the same cytokine can act on several immune cells. Cytokines can act in an autocrine, paracrine or endocrine manner, and often the secretion of one cytokine promotes secretion of additional cytokines in the other immune cells.
Other proteins besides cell surface immune markers and cytokines also participate in immune responses. For instance, the complement system is involved in the defense against infections and is mediated by a group of plasma proteins that interact with each other on the surface of a pathogen. It complements the defense responses mediated by an antibody, but can also act in the absence of antibody-mediated reactions. Three pathways can cause complement activation, the classical pathway, the lectin pathway and the alternative pathway. Complement activation leads to opsonization of pathogens, recruitment of inflammatory cells, and direct killing of pathogens.
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