Immunology & Inflammation Antibodies

Immunology and inflammation antibodies are a broad set of antibodies ideal for investigating the complex immune system, including cell marker and receptor antibodies, cytokine antibodies, and other immunology antibodies.

Epigenetic mechanisms have been closely involved in inflammatory pathways and using antibodies that recognize specific antigens related to the immune system and inflammation offers researchers insight into the potential pathological epigenetic modifications and immunological and inflammatory complications linked to a multitude of diseases.

Immunology covers a wide range of processes including adaptive immunity, innate immunity, and the regulation of the immune system in the naïve state as well as active state when fighting disease, infection, and disorders that may be caused by agents such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, and parasites. Additionally, immunology and inflammation antibodies can be helpful in detecting biomarkers for disease, especially cancer.

Cell marker and receptor antibodies help investigate cell surface markers of immune cells, which also may act as cell surface receptors or ligands, playing a role in signaling, cell adhesion, and antigen presentation. For example, the beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) is a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and is involved in the presentation of peptide antigens to the immune system. In addition, C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) can act as a chemoattractant homing receptor on circulating memory lymphocytes as well as a coreceptor for select primary HIV-2 isolates, potentially mediating hippocampal-neuron survival.

Cytokine antibodies are central to communicating with and altering the actions of other immune cells. Secreted by most immune cells – including T-cells, B-cells, monoctyes, NK cells, macrophages, and T-helper cells (TH cells) – cytokines can be pro- or anti-inflammatory. Popular cytokines involved in inflammation include tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta). Other well-known anti-inflammatory cytokines involved in stifling inflammatory responses include interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 11 (IL-11), and interleukin 13 (IL-13).

Other immunology antibodies can aid in the identification of cancer biomarkers, such as tumor antigens produced by cancer cells, which incite a response by the immune system in order to target the invading cancer cells. Other immunology antibodies are targeted against antigens such as allergens, which may or may not provoke an immune response in different individuals.