Solutions for
Nucleic Acid Modifications

Comprehensive Tools for DNA and RNA Methylation Studies

Epigenetic modifications, like 5mC and m6A, are pivotal in regulating gene expression. Understanding these modifications provides insights into cellular responses to environmental changes and developmental processes. The schematic in Figure 1 delineates the mechanisms of DNA methylation and its influence on the transcriptional activity, as well as the roles of m6A in mRNA regulation.

DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Regulation

DNA methylation involves the addition of a methyl group to the cytosine base, typically at CpG dinucleotides, resulting in 5-methylcytosine (5mC). This process, catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) , is essential for various cellular processes including genomic stability and gene silencing. 5mC, is a key epigenetic mark that influences the accessibility of DNA to transcription machinery, thereby regulating gene activity.

m6A in RNA Processing and Function

The installation of m6A marks on RNA carried out by the methyltransferase complex (including components like METTL proteins), affect the RNA life cycle from transcription to translation. m6A impacts several aspects of mRNA fate including splicing, nuclear export, stability, and efficiency of translation, all of which are mediated by m6A reader proteins. These readers recognize m6A marks and direct the modified RNA to appropriate downstream processes.

Quantification and Implications of Methylation

Accurate measurement of 5mC in DNA and m6A in RNA is critical for epigenetic research. Techniques that quantify and enrich these modifications allow researchers to delineate their precise roles in gene regulation. Such studies enhance our understanding of how cells modify genetic instructions based on developmental cues and environmental conditions, which is vital not only for basic science research but for developing therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic abnormalities.